The conflict has particularly affected the Kivu provinces, which lie within the Albertine Rift, a biodiversity hotspot. This region, home to endangered species such as the eastern lowland and mountain gorillas, also contains UNESCO World Heritage sites like Virunga and Kahuzi-Biega National Parks.
Dr Fergus O'Leary Simpson, a researcher at the University of Antwerp’s Institute for Development Policy, discussed the environmental challenges arising from the conflict. He pointed out that both Virunga and Kahuzi-Biega National Parks, which have been struggling with the effects of ongoing conflicts since the 1990s, are now witnessing an alarming rise in deforestation. The displacement of large populations has led to an increased demand for firewood for cooking and building shelter, which has in turn put pressure on the natural resources of the parks.
Over the course of 2023, over 1000 hectares of forest in these parks were destroyed, marking a significant rise in deforestation compared to previous years. This trend threatens not only the region’s rich biodiversity but also its environmental health, especially the DRC Basin, which is a critical player in the fight against climate change.
Illegal activities like the charcoal and timber trade have long been a problem in these areas, with the charcoal trade alone in Virunga valued at an estimated $45 million annually. While the M23 initially took control of areas previously governed by the FDLR rebel group, they have recently taken steps to limit charcoal production in some zones, likely to improve their image in the eyes of the international community. However, Simpson noted that this move seems more motivated by political interests than a genuine commitment to conservation.
The researcher also highlighted the complex situation faced by conservationists trying to protect the parks. Armed groups have taken control of vast areas of both Virunga and Kahuzi-Biega, making it increasingly difficult for park rangers to carry out their duties. The situation is dangerous, with many eco-guards already losing their lives in the line of duty.
--ChannelAfrica--
